Begonias 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Growing and Propagating

Written By Farming Aide Team

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Begonias are a popular choice for beginner gardeners due to their beautiful and vibrant flowers, as well as their ease of care. With over 1,800 species, there is a begonia for every type of gardener. But with so many varieties, it can be overwhelming to know where to start. In this beginner’s guide, we will cover everything you need to know about growing and propagating begonias, from the different types to common mistakes to avoid. By the end of this article, you will have all the knowledge you need to successfully grow and propagate your own begonias.

Types of Begonias

Tuberous Begonias

Tuberous begonias are known for their large, showy flowers and are often grown as annuals. They have tuberous roots that store water and nutrients, making them drought-tolerant. Tuberous begonias prefer partial shade and well-draining soil.

Rhizomatous Begonias

Rhizomatous begonias have thick, fleshy stems that grow horizontally above or just below the soil. They are known for their unique foliage, which can range from solid colors to intricate patterns. These begonias prefer bright, indirect light and well-draining soil.

Semperflorens Begonias

Semperflorens begonias, also known as wax begonias, are one of the most common types of begonias. They have small, waxy leaves and produce clusters of flowers in shades of pink, red, or white. These begonias are great for containers and prefer partial shade and well-draining soil.

Rex Begonias

Rex begonias are known for their striking foliage, which can come in a variety of colors and patterns. They prefer bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. These begonias are more sensitive to temperature and humidity, so they may be better suited for indoor growing.

Cane Begonias

Cane begonias have tall, bamboo-like stems and produce clusters of flowers in shades of pink, red, or white. They prefer bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. These begonias can grow quite large, so they may be better suited for outdoor growing.

Tuberous Begonias

Tuberous begonias are known for their large, showy flowers and are often grown as annuals. They have tuberous roots that store water and nutrients, making them drought-tolerant. Tuberous begonias prefer partial shade and well-draining soil.

Fibrous Begonias

Fibrous begonias, also known as bedding begonias, are another common type of begonia. They have small, fibrous roots and produce clusters of flowers in shades of pink, red, or white. These begonias are great for containers and prefer partial shade and well-draining soil.

Propagation Methods

Stem Cuttings

Stem cuttings are the most common method of propagating begonias. Simply take a 3-4 inch cutting from the stem of a healthy plant, remove the lower leaves, and place the cutting in a pot with well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and the cutting should root within a few weeks.

Division

Division is a great way to propagate rhizomatous begonias. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the rhizomes, making sure each division has a few healthy stems and leaves. Plant the divisions in separate pots with well-draining soil and keep them moist until they establish roots.

Seed Propagation

While not as common, begonias can also be propagated from seeds. Sow the seeds in a pot with well-draining soil and keep them moist. It may take a few weeks for the seeds to germinate, but once they do, you can transplant the seedlings into individual pots.

Leaf Cuttings

Leaf cuttings are another method of propagating begonias, particularly rex begonias. Simply take a leaf cutting and place it in a pot with well-draining soil, making sure the cut end is in contact with the soil. Keep the soil moist and the cutting should root within a few weeks.

Rhizome Cuttings

Rhizome cuttings are similar to stem cuttings, but instead of taking a cutting from the stem, you take a cutting from the rhizome. Plant the cutting in a pot with well-draining soil and keep it moist until it establishes roots.

Layering

Layering is a method of propagation where you encourage a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. Simply bend a low-growing stem to the ground, cover it with soil, and keep it moist. Once roots have formed, you can cut the stem from the parent plant and transplant it into its own pot.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Overwatering

Begonias do not like to sit in wet soil, so it is important to let the top inch of soil dry out before watering again. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.

Inadequate Light

While begonias prefer bright, indirect light, they can also tolerate lower light levels. However, if they are not getting enough light, they may become leggy and produce fewer flowers.

Improper Fertilization

Begonias do not require a lot of fertilizer, but a balanced fertilizer can help promote healthy growth and blooming. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to burned leaves and stunted growth.

Pests and Diseases

Begonias are susceptible to pests such as aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites, as well as diseases like powdery mildew and botrytis. Keep an eye out for any signs of pests or diseases and treat them promptly to prevent further damage.

Incorrect Potting Mix

Begonias prefer well-draining soil, so it is important to use a potting mix specifically designed for houseplants or a mix of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. Avoid using garden soil, as it can be too heavy and retain too much moisture.

Neglecting Dormancy Periods

Some begonias, such as tuberous begonias, require a period of dormancy during the winter months. This allows the plant to rest and prepare for the next growing season. Make sure to research the specific needs of your begonia to ensure it gets the proper dormancy period.

What Are the Best Methods for Propagating Begonias in Containers?

When it comes to growing begonias in containers, the best propagation methods include stem cuttings and division. For stem cuttings, select healthy stems, remove lower leaves, and place in a well-draining soil mix. For division, carefully separate the plant into sections and replant in individual containers. Both methods can yield successful results.

Conclusion

Begonias are a beautiful and versatile plant that can add a pop of color to any garden or home. With the right care and propagation methods, you can easily grow your own begonias and enjoy their stunning flowers and foliage year after year. Remember to avoid common mistakes, such as overwatering and neglecting dormancy periods, and you will be well on your way to becoming a begonia propagation expert. Happy gardening!